Water-tight compartment with removable hatch and two-sided gel seal for multiple conduit access

ABSTRACT

A water-tight or air-tight accessible compartment has a removable hatch sealed at the edge with elastically conformable opposing seals, with elongate communication elements extending into the compartment between the opposing seals, seals conforming to the topology formed between the compartment edge and the elongate communication elements.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/239,749, filed Sep. 9, 2014, by Ronald H. Olch et al., entitled WATER-TIGHT COMPARTMENT WITH REMOVABLE HATCH AND TWO-SIDED GEL SEAL FOR MULTIPLE CONDUIT ACCESS, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, which is a 371 National filing of PCT/US2012/042673, by Ronald H. Olch et al., filed Jun. 15, 2012, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/525,489 filed Aug. 19, 2011 entitled WATER-TIGHT COMPARTMENT WITH REMOVABLE HATCH AND TWO-SIDED GEL SEAL FOR MULTIPLE CONDUIT ACCESS, by Ronald H. Olch, et al., hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Aircraft and water vessels (“craft”) containing on-board electronics can require accessible water-tight compartments to house, for example, on-board electronic components. As employed herein, the term “water-tight” is understood to refer to resistance to diffusion or flow of liquid or gas molecules through a boundary or envelope, the gas being oxygen or air, or the liquid being water, for example. Such a water-tight compartment typically is enclosed by a water-proof envelope, and includes a removable hatch that is tightly fastened over the top of the compartment. It is desirable that the hatch may be removed and re-installed repeatedly, while attaining a water-tight or air-tight seal with the compartment upon each re-installation. The outermost surface of the hatch is typically flush with the outer surface of the craft, to present an aerodynamically smooth overall surface. Such a water-tight compartment may have conduits passing between the interior of the water-tight compartment and other locations on the craft external of the water-tight compartment. Each conduit may accommodate various wires, fiber optic cables and tubes. This enables communication between the electronics contained inside the water-tight compartment and other elements on the craft. Each such conduit must penetrate the water-proof envelope of the water-tight compartment, and therefore entails a risk of leakage around the interface between the conduit and the water-proof envelope. This is particularly true in cases where a water landing cools the interior of the water-tight compartment, thereby creating a vacuum that pulls moisture in through any small voids that may exist at the interface between the water-proof envelope and any of the conduits passing through the water-proof envelope. Such problems can be addressed by using a special mechanical seal fitting at each one of the conduits. Such an approach may be undesirable due to the complexity, cost and weight entailed in such mechanical seal fittings. What is needed is a way of preventing leakage through the water-tight envelope around the various conduits without requiring special mechanical seal fittings.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An accessible compartment is provided in the body of a craft such as an aircraft or water craft, the body having an exterior body surface, the sealed compartment comprising a side wall and a floor defining a compartment interior, a compartment sealing surface at a top edge of the side wall, and a hatch body with a hatch sealing surface facing the compartment sealing surface. One or more elongate communication elements lie adjacent the compartment sealing surface and extend into the compartment interior from locations outside of the compartment interior. A first sealing gasket is between the compartment sealing surface and the hatch sealing surface and comprises a first elastically conformable layer. The compartment further includes hatch-to-compartment fastening structure. In an embodiment, the first gasket is between the compartment sealing surface and the elongate communication member, the compartment further comprising a second gasket between the hatch sealing surface and the elongate communication member, the second gasket comprising a second elastically conformable layer. In an embodiment, a first non-adhesive layer covers the first elastically conformable layer and a second non-adhesive layer covers the second elastically conformable layer. In an embodiment, a sloped portion of the compartment sealing surface and a sloped portion of the hatch sealing surface are ramped with respect to each other so as to open away from each other along a direction away from the compartment interior. In an embodiment, the conformable material has a conformability corresponding to an exclusion size on the order of a liquid molecule or a gas molecule. In an embodiment, the gasket comprises an underlying gasket attached to the compartment sealing surface and an overlying gasket attached to the hatch sealing surface.

In accordance with another aspect, an accessible sealable compartment in a body having an exterior body surface comprises a compartment interior and a compartment sealing edge adjacent a top edge of the compartment interior; a hatch body having a hatch sealing surface congruent with and facing the compartment sealing surface; and a pair of interlocking gaskets comprising a first interlocking gasket on the compartment sealing edge and a second interlocking gasket on the hatch sealing edge, the first and second interlocking gaskets comprising an elastically deformable material. In an embodiment, the compartment further comprises one or more channels in the compartment sealing edge and underlying the first interlocking gasket, the channels being in communication with the compartment interior; and one or more elongate communication members having respective portions lying in the respective channels, the elongate communication members extending into the compartment interior from locations outside of the compartment interior. In an embodiment, the compartment further comprises a sealing gasket in each channel surrounding the respective elongate communication member, the sealing gasket comprising an elastically conformable material. In an embodiment, the sealing gasket comprises a first gasket underlying the elongate communication member and a second gasket overlying the elongate communication member. In an embodiment, the elastically conformable material comprises a viscous gel. In an embodiment, the elastically conformable material has a conformability corresponding to an exclusion size on the order of a liquid molecule such as water or a gas molecule such as oxygen. In an embodiment, the channel has a width corresponding to a diameter of the elongate communication member. In an embodiment, one of the interlocking gaskets comprises a pair of elongate outwardly extending barbs and the other of the interlocking gaskets comprises a pair of elongate inwardly extending barbs matable with the pair of elongate outwardly extending barbs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the manner in which the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are attained and can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be appreciated that certain well known processes are not discussed herein in order to not obscure the invention.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sealable compartment including a removable hatch, in accordance with an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the compartment of FIG. 1 on the wing of an aircraft.

FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional perspective view of the compartment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional side view corresponding to FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional perspective view of the removable hatch of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4B is a side view corresponding to FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a layered structure of a sealing gasket in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a cut-away side view of portion of an assembly of the compartment and removable hatch of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7A is a cut-away end view of a portion of the assembly of FIG. 1 in the vicinity of a channel and elongate communication element before the removable hatch is fully pressed to the compartment.

FIG. 7B is a cut-away end view of a portion of the assembly of FIG. 1 in the vicinity of a channel and elongate communication element when the removable hatch is fully pressed to the compartment.

FIG. 7C is a side view corresponding to FIG. 7B.

FIG. 8 is a side cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 7A.

FIG. 9 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 10-10 of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 11-11 of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12A is a cut-away end view of a second embodiment in a partially disassembled state.

FIG. 12B is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 12B-12B of FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12C is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12D is a cut-away side view corresponding to FIG. 12A.

FIG. 12E is a cut-away side view corresponding to FIG. 12C of the second embodiment in an assembled state.

FIG. 13 is a cut-away end view depicting the embodiment of FIG. 12A in a partially assembled state.

FIG. 14 is a cut-away end view depicting the embodiment of FIG. 12A in a fully assembled state.

FIG. 15 is a top view corresponding to FIG. 14.

To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. It is contemplated that elements and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only exemplary embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is an orthographic view of a surface 100 of a craft (such as an aircraft or vessel) having a water-tight compartment 105 sealed in accordance with one embodiment described below in greater detail. A removable hatch 110 provides access to the compartment 105 for servicing various electronic components 115 contained in the compartment 105. FIG. 2 depicts an example of how the compartment 105 and hatch 110 may be provided on the wing of an aircraft 120. The external surface of the hatch 110 is flush with the surface of the wing. The compartment interior is defined by a floor 125 and a sidewall 130. The sidewall 130 is surrounded by a shoulder 135 whose surface is depressed below the outer surface 100 to form a step 140. The surface of the shoulder 135 forms an elongate strip that follows the outline of the compartment 105. In the illustrated embodiment, the compartment 105 is generally rectangular, and the surface of the shoulder 135 forms a rectangular annulus. If the compartment 105 were circular or ellipsoidal, then the shoulder 135 would be in the shape of a circular or ellipsoidal annulus, for example. The height and shape of the step 140 matches (or approximately matches) the thickness of outer edge 110 a of the hatch 110. Referring to the enlarged view of FIG. 3A, the shoulder 135 is divided into an outer surface or strip 150 and an inner surface or strip 155 depressed below the outer surface 150 to form a ridge 160 between them. As will be explained later in this specification, the ridge 160 exists because the inner surface 155 is ramped relative to the outer surface 150. The ridge 160 is a generally vertical surface facing the interior of the compartment 105. In the illustrated embodiment, the outer and inner surfaces 150, 155 are each a generally rectangular annulus, in accordance with the shape of the shoulder 135. Plural fastener openings 162 are provided through the outer surface 150 of the shoulder 135.

The body of the craft forming the surface 100 and the surfaces of the floor 125 and the sidewall 130 may be formed of a composite material such as a molecular fiber matrix and fiberglass composite, which may be a Kevlar® material. Kevlar® is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, of Wilmington, Del. and the Kevlar® material is offered through a website of that corporation. Such a material may be water penetrable. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3B, a thin waterproof layer or film 165 is deposited on the interior surfaces of the compartment, including the floor 125 and sidewall 130, so that the layer 165 adheres to the underlying surfaces. This seals the floor 125 and side wall 130 of the compartment 105. The film 165 may possibly extend over the top of the sidewall 130 and onto the interior surface 155 of the shoulder 135. Otherwise, the film 165 may extend to the top edge of the sidewall 130. The film 165 functions as a water-proof envelope of the compartment 105 and may be formed of a complaint material such as Surlyn® material. Surlyn® is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, of Wilmington, Del. and the Surlyn® material is offered through a website of that corporation.

Referring again to FIG. 3A, conduits for wires, optical fibers, tubes or the like passing into the compartment 105 are accommodated by channels 170 formed in the outer and inner surfaces 150, 155 of the shoulder 135. Each individual channel 170 is transverse to the path of the shoulder 135 and may be sized to accommodate a single elongate communication element. Each elongate communication element 171 may be a flexible member such as a wire conductor, optical fiber, tube, conduit or the like. For example, the depth of each channel 170 may be about one half of the diameter or thickness of the elongate communication element 171 to be accommodated. As will be described below in this specification, the hatch 110 has similar channels in registration with the channels 170 in the shoulder 135, each channel in the hatch 110 having a similar depth. While FIG. 3A depicts examples in which the flexible members 171 are elongate and/or cylindrical, the flexible members may be wide and planar in shape, such as a ribbon cable, or flat rectangular items such as flex circuits as well as single-conductor cables, tubes, and the like. In each case, the channels are shaped appropriately, to be congruent with the wide planar shape as required.

Ingress of the elongate communication element 171 into the body of the craft is provided by an internal passageway 172 terminated at a hole or opening 173 in the vertical wall of the step 140. The opening 173 of the internal passageway 172 is in registration with the channel 170. Respective internal passageways 172 and holes 173 are provided for the respective channels 170, as depicted in FIG. 3A. Each hole 173 has a diameter of about twice the depth of the channel, and the channel 170 is aligned with the bottom half of the hole 173. As will be described below in this specification, the top half of the hole 173 faces a corresponding channel in the hatch 110.

Referring to FIG. 4A, the interior surface of the hatch 110 has a structure mirroring the structure of the compartment 105 described above with reference to FIG. 3A. Specifically, the hatch edge 110 a surrounds a hatch shoulder 235 formed in the interior (bottom) surface of the hatch 110, the shoulder 235 of the hatch 110 being congruent with the shoulder 135 of the compartment 105. The shoulder 235 is divided into an outer surface or strip 250 and an inner surface or strip 255 depressed below the outer surface 250 to form a ridge 260 between them. The ridge 260 is a generally vertical surface facing the interior of the compartment 105. The outer surface 250 accommodates fastener openings 262. Fasteners 263, such as threaded screws, may pass through the openings 262 in the hatch 110 and be threadably engaged in the openings 162 in the body of the compartment 105, as seen in FIG. 1.

The body of the hatch 110 may be formed of a composite material such as a molecular fiber matrix and fiberglass composite. Such a material may be water penetrable. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, a thin waterproof layer or film 265 is deposited on the interior surfaces of the hatch 110 so that the film 265 adheres to the underlying surfaces. The film 265 may possibly extend onto the interior surface 255 of the shoulder 235. Otherwise, the film 265 may extend to the inner edge of the inner surface 255. The film 265 functions as a part of a water-proof envelope of the compartment 105 when the hatch 110 is fastened in place over the compartment 105 and may be formed of a compliant material such as the Surlyn® material referred to above.

Referring again to FIG. 4A, conduits for elongate communication elements 171 passing into the compartment 105 are accommodated by channels 270 formed in the outer and inner surfaces 250, 255 of the shoulder 235 of the hatch 110. Each individual channel 270 is in registration with a corresponding channel 170 in the shoulder 135 of the compartment 105 of FIG. 3A, and the corresponding channels match one another in size. For example, the depth of each channel 270 may be slightly less than about one half of the diameter or thickness of the elongate communication element to be accommodated. The channel 170 faces the bottom half of a corresponding one of the holes 173 in the step 140, while the channel 270 faces the top half of the corresponding hole 173. Thus, the diameter of the hole 173 may be on the order of about twice the depth of each channel 170, 270. The depths of the matching channels 170 and 270 are preferably the same, so that a conduit or wire accommodated within a pair of facing channels 170, 270 experiences a top-to-bottom even distribution of pressure when the hatch 110 is fastened onto the top of the compartment 105.

Referring again to FIG. 3A, a sealing gasket 300 comprising a highly conformable layer such as a silicone gel is laid over the inner surface 155. Referring to FIG. 4A, an identical sealing gasket 300′ is laid over the inner surface 255 of the hatch 110. The sealing gaskets 300, 300′ may be of a highly conformable or viscous material, such as a highly conformable silicone gel material. Such a seal is sold by Dow Corning Corporation of Midland, Mich. under the product name “Dow Corning gel seal”, specifically the gel seal 1030 product. The structure of such a seal or gasket is depicted in FIG. 5, and includes a gel layer 400 of a viscous or highly conformable and adhesive gel material, a non-adhesive top layer 405 formed of an open-cell foam material, for example. Optionally, an adhesive backing may be provided as a bottom layer 410. The non-adhesive top layer 405 enables the hatch 110 to be removed from the compartment 105. As shown in FIG. 6, for the sealing gasket 300, the top non-adhesive layer 405 covers the gel layer 400 and is the exposed surface of the gasket 300, and the adhesive backing layer 410 contacts the inner surface 155. For the sealing gasket 300′, a top non-adhesive layer 405′ covers a gel layer 400′ and is the exposed surface of the gasket 300′, and an adhesive backing layer 410′ contacts the inner surface 255. The non-adhesive layers 405 and 405′ enables the hatch to be removed from the compartment by preventing the two sealing gaskets 300 and 300′ from bonding together. This is because the foam layers 405 and 405′ will not adhere to each other as the gel layers 400 and 400′ would in absence of the non-adhesive layers 405 and 405′.

It is believed that the ability of the gel layers 400 and 400′ to form a perfect water-tight or air-tight seal in a confined space with corners and edges is attributable to its ductility. A measure of its ductility is the elongation of the material. The Dow Corning gel seal material is believed to have an elongation of 150% or greater. Thus, in one aspect, the gel layers 400 and 400′ may be formed of a deformable material having an elongation of at least 150% or greater.

Referring to FIG. 6, the ridge 160 acts as a positioning reference for the gasket 300, resisting migration of the gasket 300 toward the periphery. The ridge 260 acts as a positioning reference for the gasket 300′, resisting migration of the gasket 300′ toward the periphery. The height of the ridge 160 determines the distance by which the gasket 300 is compressed when the hatch 110 is fastened over the compartment 105. The compression distance is the difference between the thickness of the gasket 300 and the height of the ridge 160. The height of the ridge 260 determines the distance by which the gasket 300′ is compressed when the hatch 110 is fastened over the compartment 105. The compression distance is the difference between the thickness of the gasket 300′ and the height of the ridge 260.

Referring to FIGS. 7A and 7B, it is believed that the conformability of each sealing gasket 300, 300′ is so great that, as the hatch 110 is compressed toward the compartment 105 (FIG. 7A), firmly pressing the opposing surfaces together (FIG. 7B), the sealing gaskets 300, 300′ fill in spaces or voids between the elongate communication element 171 and the interior surfaces of the channels 170, 270, so that there remains no voids of a sufficiently large size for a molecule of a gas (e.g., oxygen) or of a liquid (e.g., water) to pass through. The ability of each sealing gasket 300, 300′ to conform to (and fill) the volume defined between the elongate communication element 171 and the interior surfaces of the facing channel 170, 270 is referred to herein as the conformability of the gaskets 300 and 300′. The conformability may be defined by the size of the smallest molecule excluded by the seal formed by the gaskets 300 and 300′ around the elongate communication element 171. This size may be referred to as the exclusion size, and characterizes the conformability of the material comprised within the gaskets 300, 300′. In one embodiment, the exclusion size is equal to or smaller than the size of a water molecule, so that the seal formed by the gaskets 300 and 300′ is water-tight. In another embodiment, the exclusion size is equal to or smaller than the size of an oxygen gas molecule, so that the seal is air-tight. Optionally, the water-tightness or air-tightness may be exhibited for a limited period of time (for example, a matter of hours in a range of one to 24 hours), which may vary depending upon the requirements of the system designer. Or, the water-tightness of air-tightness is exhibited for an undefined (unlimited) period of time.

The gel layer 400 and the non-adhesive top layer 405 fill the voids surrounding each elongate communication element 171 by deforming elastically. Such elastic deformation enables each gasket 300, 300′ to relax whenever the hatch 110 is removed and to again conformability fill the voids surrounding each conduit when the hatch 110 is re-installed, so that the hatch may be removed and re-installed repetitively to attain a perfect seal upon each re-installation of the hatch 110 over the compartment 105.

High conformability, with exclusion size on the order of a water molecule or oxygen gas molecule, is exhibited by a silicone gel material, such as the Dow Corning gel seal material referred to above. In one embodiment, the sealing gaskets 300 and 300′ are each strips of Dow Corning gel seal 3010 material referred to above. However, any other suitable material satisfying the elastic conformability defined above may be employed for the gaskets 300 and 300′.

Referring still to FIGS. 7A and 7B, the deformation of the gaskets 300 and 300′ around the elongate communication element 171 is determined by the respective depths of the channels 170 and 270. In an embodiment, each pair of facing channels 170, 270 are of the same depth, so that the opposing compressive forces of the gaskets 300, 300′ against the elongate communication element 171 are the same. The distance by which the gaskets 300 and 300′ are compressed around the elongate communication element 171 corresponds to the difference between the diameter (or thickness) of the elongate communication element 171 and the sum of the depths of the opposing channels 170 and 270.

In order to prevent migration of the gaskets 300, 300′ toward the interior of the compartment 105, the inner surfaces 155, 255 are each sloped at an angle of about 5 degrees in opposite slopes so that the two surfaces 155, 255 ramp away from each other at a combined angle of 10 degrees in a radially outward direction, i.e., toward the periphery or step 140, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 8. The ramp angle of each of the inner surfaces 155, 255 may not necessarily be 5 degrees, but may lie in an appropriate range (e.g., from about 1 to 10 degrees). The ramp angle of the compartment inner surface 155 determines the height of the ridge 160. The ramp angle of the hatch inner surface 255 determines the height of the ridge 260. The gaskets 300, 300′ are confined against migration in an inward direction toward the interior of the compartment 105 by the oppositely sloped inner surfaces 155, 255, and are confined against migration in the opposite (outward) direction by the ridges 160, 260. The ridges 160, 260 thus perform two functions, in that their heights determine the degree to which the gaskets 300, 300′ are compressed upon closure of the hatch 110 over the compartment 105, and because they block migration of the gaskets 300, 300′ in the outward direction.

As the hatch 110 pushes the viscous gaskets 300, 300′ down the 5 degree ramps of the facing inner surfaces 155 and 255, the gaskets 300, 300′ are wedged tighter into corners formed between the elongate communication element 171 and interior surfaces of the pair of facing channels 170 and 270, while the gaskets 300 and 300′ are prevented from migrating toward or into the compartment 105. As depicted in FIG. 7C, if the compartment 105 experiences a vacuum, the hatch 110 deflects in such a manner that the oppositely ramped inner surfaces 155, 255 become even more sloped relative to one another, thereby pushing the gaskets 300, 300′ more tightly into any corners or voids formed between the elongate communication element 171 and the interior surfaces of the pair of facing channels 170, 270, thus enhancing the sealing action of the gaskets 300, 300′ in opposing the forces of such a vacuum.

A plan view of the closed assembly is shown in FIG. 9. FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views taken at different locations noted in FIG. 9.

Referring now to FIG. 12A, the fasteners 263 and fastener holes 162 and 262 of FIG. 1 may be replaced by a pair of interlocking gaskets, namely a bottom interlocking gasket 500 bonded to the surface of the shoulder 135 of the compartment 105, and a top interlocking gasket 550 bonded to the surface of the shoulder 235 of the hatch 110. The pair of interlocking gaskets 500 and 550 eliminate the need for the gel seal gaskets 300 and 300′ and the associated fasteners of the embodiments described above. The shoulders 135 and 235 may be continuously flat and not sloped. In the illustrated embodiment, the bottom interlocking gasket 500 includes a base 505 having a bottom surface or a bottom adhesion layer 507 bonded to the surface of the shoulder 135. The bottom interlocking gasket 500 further includes a pair of ridges 510, 512 extending from the base 505 and separated by an inner gap 514. The ridge 510 is formed with a barb 520 pointed outwardly with respect to the gap 514, while the ridge 512 is formed with a barb 530 pointed outwardly with respect to the gap 514 and in a direction opposite to that of the barb 520. In the illustrated embodiment, the top interlocking gasket 550 includes a base 555 having a bottom surface or a bottom adhesion layer 557 bonded to the surface of the shoulder 235 of the hatch 110. The top interlocking gasket 550 further includes a pair of ridges 560, 562 extending from the base 555 in a direction toward the bottom interlocking gasket 500, and separated by an inner gap 564. A center alignment nub 575 may be provided in the gap 564. The ridge 560 is formed with a barb 565 pointed inwardly toward the gap 564, while the ridge 562 is formed with a barb 570 pointed inwardly toward the gap 564 and in a direction opposite to that of the barb 565. The ridges 510, 512, 560 and 562 are terminated at respective apexes 510 a, 512 a, 560 a and 562 a defined by respective ramped surfaces 510 b, 512 b, 560 b and 562 b that slope downwardly from the respective apex 510 a, 512 a, 560 a and 562 a to the respective barb 520, 530, 565 and 570. As just described, in this embodiment, the bottom interlocking gasket 500 has a pair of outwardly facing barbs 520, 530 and the top interlocking gasket 550 has a pair of inwardly facing barbs 565, 570. However, in another embodiment this arrangement is reversed, so that the bottom interlocking gasket 500 has a pair of inwardly facing barbs while the top interlocking gasket 550 has a pair of outwardly facing barbs.

In an embodiment, the top and bottom interlocking gaskets 500, 550, are integrally formed of an elastically deformable waterproof material. This enables the respective ridges 510, 512, 560, 562 to deform in directions opposite to the directions of their respective barbs 520, 530, 565 and 570 whenever the opposing pair of ramped surfaces 510 b, 562 b and the opposing pair of ramped surfaces 512 b, 560 b are pressed together, as shown in FIG. 13, until the opposing barbs capture one another and become locked together, as shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 15 is a plan view corresponding to FIG. 14. In the configuration of FIGS. 14 and 15, the hatch 110 is firmly fastened in place over the compartment 105, the interlocking gaskets 500, 550 providing a watertight seal, impervious to penetration by certain gas species (e.g., oxygen gas) or certain liquid species (e.g., water) or both. Because of the elastically deformable property of the interlocking gaskets 500, 550, the foregoing deformation sequence may be reversed to remove the hatch 110 from its locked position over the compartment 105. Such installation and removal of the hatch 110 may be repeated over many cycles, without requiring screws or the like.

Elongate communication elements, such as conduits, wires, tubes or optical fibers, communicating between the compartment 105 and other locations on the craft are accommodated with the interlocking gaskets 500, 550 by providing a channel 600 in the surface of the shoulder 135 for each elongate communication element, as shown in FIGS. 12A, 12B and 12C. Each channel 600 faces a matching hole or passage 602 open at the surface of the step 140, the passage 602 providing a path to other locations on the craft for a wire or conduit held in the channel 600. As indicated in FIGS. 12C and 12D, the channels 600 are formed, and elongate communication elements 610 are laid in the respective channels 600 prior to the installation or bonding of the bottom interlocking gasket 500 onto the shoulder 135. The channels 600 may be narrow, on the order of the diameter of the elongate communication elements, so as to not detract from the structural integrity of the body 100 in the vicinity of the base of the first interlocking gasket 500. As depicted in FIGS. 12C and 12D, a bottom gasket 620 is placed under the conduit 610 while a top gasket 630 is placed over the conduit 610 when the conduit 610 is placed in the channel 600. Thereafter, the bottom interlocking gasket 500 is pressed and bonded onto the surface of the shoulder 135, thereby compressing the bottom and top gaskets 620, 630 around the conduit 610 and covering each channel 600. Each gasket 620, 630 is formed of (or includes) a material of high conformability, such as (for example) the Dow Corning gel seal material referred to previously herein. As shown in FIG. 12E, the gaskets 620, 630 fill voids between the conduit or wire 610 and the interior surfaces of the channel 600, thereby providing a seal around the conduit or wire 610 that is impenetrable by either a liquid (e.g., water) or a gas (e.g., oxygen). The interlocking gaskets 500, 550 are elongate and mutually parallel, while the channels 600 are elongate and mutually parallel but transverse to the elongate interlocking gaskets 500, 550. In the illustrated embodiment, the channels 600 are transverse or perpendicular to the path of the interlocking gaskets 500, 550.

FIG. 12C shows the path of cable 610 and the seals 620 and 630 perpendicular to the gasket 500. However, the path of cable 610 and the seals 620 and 630 can be parallel to the gasket 500.

While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An accessible compartment in a body of a craft, said body having an exterior body surface, said accessible compartment comprising: a side wall and a floor defining a compartment interior, said side wall being transverse to said exterior body surface; a compartment shoulder at a top edge of said side wall and comprising a compartment shoulder surface transverse to said side wall, said compartment shoulder surface being depressed below said exterior body surface to define a step surrounding said compartment shoulder; at least one elongate communication element adjacent said compartment shoulder and extending into said compartment interior along a direction transverse to said top edge of said side wall; a hatch comprising a hatch body having a hatch body edge that is congruent with said step and a hatch shoulder comprising a hatch shoulder surface facing said compartment shoulder surface; a first sealing gasket between said compartment shoulder surface and said hatch shoulder surface, said first sealing gasket comprising a conformable material of a conformability corresponding to an exclusion size of a diameter of one of: (a) a gas molecule, or (b) a liquid molecule; a first fastening structure on said compartment shoulder and a second fastening structure on said hatch shoulder; wherein said first sealing gasket has a first side attached to one of: (a) said hatch shoulder surface or (b) said compartment shoulder surface, said first sealing gasket further having a second side opposite said first side, said conformable material comprising a first conformable layer, said first sealing gasket further comprising a first non-adhesive layer on said second side covering said first conformable layer; wherein said compartment shoulder surface comprises a compartment inner shoulder surface and a compartment outer shoulder surface, said first sealing gasket being attached to said compartment inner shoulder surface, and said first fastener structure comprising fastener holes through said compartment outer shoulder surface adapted to receive respective fasteners; wherein said hatch shoulder surface comprises a hatch inner shoulder surface and a hatch outer shoulder surface, said first sealing gasket being attached to said hatch inner shoulder surface, and said second fastener structure comprising fastener holes through said hatch outer shoulder surface, whereby said first and second gaskets are between the compartment and hatch inner shoulder surfaces; and wherein said compartment inner shoulder surface and said hatch inner shoulder surface are ramped with respect to one another whereby to slope away from one another in a direction away from said compartment interior.
 2. The compartment of claim 1 wherein said first side of said first gasket is attached to said compartment shoulder surface, said compartment comprising a second sealing gasket adjacent said hatch shoulder surface, said second sealing gasket comprising a conformable material of a conformability corresponding to an exclusion size of a diameter of one of: (a) a gas molecule, or (b) a liquid molecule.
 3. The compartment of claim 2 wherein said first and second sealing gaskets face one another, and wherein said elongate communication element is between said first and second gaskets.
 4. The compartment of claim 2 wherein said second sealing gasket comprises a third side attached to said hatch shoulder surface and a fourth side opposite said third side, said conformable material of said second sealing gasket comprising a second conformable layer, said second sealing gasket further comprising a second non-adhesive layer on said fourth side covering said second conformable layer.
 5. The compartment of claim 4 whereby said first and second non-adhesive layers face one another, and wherein said elongate communication element is between said first and second non-adhesive layers.
 6. The compartment of claim 1 wherein said compartment shoulder comprises a compartment ridge between said compartment inner and outer surfaces, and said hatch shoulder comprises a hatch ridge between said hatch inner and outer surfaces.
 7. The compartment of claim 6 wherein said first and second gaskets are confined against migration in an inward direction by the ramping of said compartment inner surface and hatch inner surface, and are confined against migration in an opposite outward direction by said compartment ridge and said hatch ridge.
 8. The compartment of claim 6 further comprising at least one compartment channel in said compartment shoulder extending from said side wall to said step, and at least one hatch channel in said hatch shoulder, said compartment channel and said hatch channel being in mutual registration, said elongate communication member being confinable in a volume formed between said compartment channel and said hatch channel.
 9. The compartment of claim 8 wherein said body comprises an internal passageway for said elongate communication element, said compartment comprising an passageway opening in a surface of said step, said passageway opening being in communication with said internal passageway, said compartment channel and said hatch channel being in registration with said passageway opening.
 10. The compartment of claim 9 wherein said compartment channel faces a lower half of said passageway opening and said hatch channel faces an upper half of said passageway opening, said passageway opening having a diameter of about twice the depth of each of said compartment channel and said hatch channel.
 11. The compartment of claim 1 wherein said elongate communication element comprises one of a conductive wire, an optical fiber, a conduit, a tube or an elongate flexible member.
 12. The compartment of claim 1 wherein said step surrounding said shoulder has a height corresponding to a thickness of said hatch body edge.
 13. The compartment of claim 1 wherein said craft body and said hatch body are formed of a material penetrable by a liquid or by a gas, said compartment further comprising: a compartment sealing envelope layer comprising a conformable film covering said side wall and covering said floor; and a hatch sealing envelope layer comprising a conformable film covering a surface of said hatch surrounded by said hatch shoulder.
 14. An accessible compartment in a body of a craft, said body having an exterior body surface, said accessible compartment comprising: a side wall and a floor defining a compartment interior; a compartment sealing surface at a top edge of said side wall; at least one elongate communication element adjacent said compartment sealing surface and extending into said compartment interior from a location outside of said compartment interior; a hatch body having a hatch sealing surface facing said compartment sealing surface surface; a first sealing gasket between said compartment sealing surface and said hatch sealing surface and comprising a first elastically conformable layer, wherein a sloped portion of said compartment sealing surface and a sloped portion of said hatch sealing surface are ramped with respect to each other so as to open away from each other along a direction away from said compartment interior; and a hatch-to-compartment fastening structure comprising holes in said hatch and holes in said body and fasteners extending through said holes.
 15. The compartment of claim 14 wherein said first sealing gasket is between said compartment sealing surface and said elongate communication member, said compartment further comprising a second sealing gasket between said hatch sealing surface and said elongate communication member, said second sealing gasket comprising an second elastically conformable layer.
 16. The compartment of claim 14 further comprising a first non-adhesive layer covering said first elastically conformable layer and a second non-adhesive layer covering said second elastically conformable layer.
 17. An accessible compartment in a body of a craft, said body having an exterior body surface, said accessible compartment comprising: a side wall and a floor defining a compartment interior, said side wall being transverse to said exterior body surface; a compartment shoulder at a top edge of said side wall and comprising a compartment shoulder surface transverse to said side wall, said compartment shoulder surface being depressed below said exterior body surface to define a step surrounding said compartment shoulder; at least one elongate communication element adjacent said compartment shoulder and extending into said compartment interior along a direction transverse to said top edge of said side wall; a hatch comprising a hatch body having a hatch body edge that is congruent with said step and a hatch shoulder comprising a hatch shoulder surface facing said compartment shoulder surface; a first sealing gasket between said compartment shoulder surface and said hatch shoulder surface, said first sealing gasket comprising a conformable material of a conformability corresponding to an exclusion size of a diameter of one of: (a) a gas molecule, or (b) a liquid molecule; and a first fastening structure on said compartment shoulder and a second fastening structure on said hatch shoulder; and wherein said body of said craft and said hatch body are formed of a material penetrable by a liquid or by a gas, said compartment further comprising: a compartment sealing envelope layer comprising a conformable film covering said side wall and covering said floor; and a hatch sealing envelope layer comprising a conformable film covering a surface of said hatch surrounded by said hatch shoulder.
 18. An accessible compartment in a body of a craft, said body having an exterior body surface, said accessible compartment comprising: a side wall and a floor defining a compartment interior, said side wall being transverse to said exterior body surface; a compartment shoulder at a top edge of said side wall and comprising a compartment shoulder surface transverse to said side wall, said compartment shoulder surface being depressed below said exterior body surface to define a step surrounding said compartment shoulder; at least one elongate communication element adjacent said compartment shoulder and extending into said compartment interior along a direction transverse to said top edge of said side wall; a hatch comprising a hatch body having a hatch body edge that is congruent with said step and a hatch shoulder comprising a hatch shoulder surface facing said compartment shoulder surface; a first sealing gasket between said compartment shoulder surface and said hatch shoulder surface, said first sealing gasket comprising a conformable material of a conformability corresponding to an exclusion size of a diameter of one of: (a) a gas molecule, or (b) a liquid molecule; a first fastening structure on said compartment shoulder and a second fastening structure on said hatch shoulder; and wherein said compartment shoulder surface and said hatch shoulder surface are ramped with respect to one another so as to slope away from one another in a direction away from said compartment interior. 